While Citizens United set the stage for super PACs, the SpeechNow case, argued in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, made them official. The decision struck down federal contribution limits to independent expenditure committees. It found that the high court’s analysis in Citizens United required the lower court to conclude that “the government has no anti-corruption interest in limiting contributions to an independent expenditure group.” The court, however, upheld the political committee disclosure requirements, so the donors to super PACs must be reported.